En artículo anterior, comentamos sobre los derechos que son suspendidos durante el estado de emergencia y en esa oportunidad decíamos que este mismo estado de emergencia es previsto por la constitución y los derechos que los estados de excepción suspenden.
Por lo que en esta ocasión, quiero ver el estado de excepción desde el debido proceso. Esto, debido a que el poder judicial resoluto para habilitar la jurisdicción de atención permanente para conocer los casos que se suscitaran durante el estado de excepción, ampliando su competencia para que pueda decidir todas las cuestiones que surgieren en ocasión del estado de emergencia.
El Poder judicial habilitó 36 oficinas de Servicio de Atención Permanente distribuidas por todo el país para que realicen conferencias virtuales en base a un protocolo que facilite la videoconferencia como mecanismo de aislamiento, mientras se garantiza la protección de derechos fundamentales que puedan reclamarse mediante vistas para medidas de coerción, el habeas corpus y las acciones de amparo.
Según el acta 002-2020 de sesión extraordinaria celebrada por el Consejo del Poder Judicial en fecha 19 de marzo, se dispuso mantener en funcionamiento, únicamente, las Oficinas Judiciales de Servicios de Atención Permanente de la Jurisdicción Penal en todo el territorio nacional, las cuales, además de sus atribuciones ordinarias, atenderán los casos de urgencia tendentes a la protección de derechos fundamentales que puedan reclamarse mediante el hábeas corpus y las acciones de amparo.
Es así que todos los abogados que teníamos personas en condición de vulneración de sus derechos fundamentales, acudimos de manera excepcional, ante una situación de excepción, al tribunal habilitado para garantizar dichos derechos y en los cuales, debía observarse el debido proceso.
Sin embargo y ante esta realidad excepcional, se agrega el elemento de la audiencia virtual, la cual, por su naturaleza, implicaba, en sede penal, vulneración de algunos de los principios del debido proceso que deben ser observado en estamateria, como lo es la inmediación, por mencionar alguno.
Fueron muchos los que alzaron su voz de alerta con respecto a la vulneración de algunos principios del debido proceso penal en la celebración de las audiencias virtuales, con lo cual, tuve mis reservas, hasta que constaté por vía de algunos colegas y con un caso personal, que ciertamente, el espacio virtual se prestaba y ha sido así, para pasar por alto algunos principios fundamentales del debido proceso, que aún, en estado de excepción deben mantenerse.
Es entonces que analizando la situación y el derecho interno, pude reafirmar que ciertamente tenemos un ordenamiento completo, vanguardista y alineado con los principios internacionales del debido proceso, sin embargo, nuestra falencia se ubica en la efectividad de los recursos que tenemos para la protección de los derechos fundamentales, es decir, llevar la realidad del papel a la práctica.
Así que me puse a leer para conocer la experiencia de otros países y ver cómo habían manejado el debido proceso, aquellos que al igual que nosotros, en el pasado, o en el presente, han tenido que manejar situaciones de emergencia y como han hecho para preservar el debido proceso.
Al echar un vistazo en el derecho internacional, principalmente aquellos instrumentos que para nuestro ordenamiento tienen rango constitucional, podemos ver que en la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos, aborda el tema de la efectividad cuando el artículo 25.1 incorpora el principio, reconocido en el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, de la efectividad de los instrumentos o medios procesales destinados a garantizar tales derechos.
Pero en ese mismos sentido, y viéndolo desde nuestro estado de excepción, encontramos que la Corte Interamericana ha señalado que el concepto de debido proceso legal recogido en el artículo 8 de la Convención Americana debe entenderse como aplicable, en lo esencial, a todas las garantías judiciales previstas para la protección de los derechos fundamentales, aun bajo los denominados estados de excepción (Garantías Judiciales en Estados de Emergencia. Opinión Consultiva OC-9/87, del 6 de octubre de 1987, párrafo 29., 1987)
En este sentido, para la Corte Interamericana los principios del debido proceso legal no pueden suspenderse con motivo de los estados o regímenes de excepción, en cuanto constituyen condiciones necesarias para que los instrumentos procesales para proteger los derechos fundamentales puedan considerarse como efectivas garantías judiciales, en especial los procesos de amparo y hábeas corpus. ((Garantías Judiciales en Estados de Emergencia. Opinión Consultiva OC-9/87, del 6 de octubre de 1987, párrafo 30 y 41.3), 1987)
Para la Corte, la suspensión de las garantías puede ser, en algunas hipótesis, el único medio para atender a situaciones de emergencia pública y preservar los valores superiores de la sociedad democrática. Pero no puede la Corte, como tampoco nosotros hacer abstracción de los abusos a que puede dar lugar,y que en nuestro país han tenido lugar en ocasión del estado de emergencia.
Y es que debe entenderse que la suspensión de garantías carece de toda legitimidad cuando se utiliza para atentar contra el sistema democrático, que dispone límites infranqueables en cuanto a la vigencia constante de ciertos derechos esenciales de la persona.
Es innegable el hecho de que la suspensión de garantías constituye también una situación excepcional, según la cual resulta lícito para el gobierno aplicar determinadas medidas restrictivas a los derechos y libertades que, en condiciones normales, están prohibidas o sometidas a requisitos más rigurosos. En interés propio y de la colectividad, deben restringirse y limitarse ciertos derechos, pero al mismo tiempo deben respetarse y garantizarse la protección mínima de los mismos.
Esto no significa, sin embargo, que la suspensión de garantías comporte la suspensión temporal del Estado de Derecho o que autorice a los gobernantes a apartar su conducta de la legalidad a la que en todo momento deben ceñirse. Es más, me atrevo a decir, que en situaciones de emergencia la autoridad debe hacer mayor alarde de su conducta, pues resulta cuesta arriba e incongruente que una autoridad llame a la obediencia de la ley, cuando actúa desde la desobediencia de la misma.
Estando suspendidas las garantías, algunos de los límites legales de la actuación del poder público pueden ser distintos de los vigentes en condiciones normales, pero no deben considerarse inexistentes ni cabe, en consecuencia, entender que el gobierno esté investido de poderes absolutos más allá de las condiciones en que tal legalidad excepcional está autorizada.
Durante este periodo excepcional, hemos sido testigo de excesos, abusos, arbitrariedades, ilegalidades, violaciones groseras al debido proceso, omisiones de algunas autoridades y otras tantas conductas de autoridades y funcionarios que se apartan del debido proceso usando como excusa el estado de emergencia.
Hemos estado en una situación excepcional, donde adquiere mayor relevancia la eficacia de los mecanismos que tenemos para la protección de los derechos fundamentales, derechos que siempre deberán estar en vigencia y que deben ser protegidosmediante la eficacia de los mecanismos que han sido creados para ese fin. Deben entenderse, que en condiciones excepcionales, pierde sentido y efectividad la exigencia de formalidades que por el mismo estado de excepción son de imposible cumplimiento, formalidades que no deben sobreponerse al interés de resguardar el derecho fundamental de que se trata.
El debido proceso en nuestro ordenamiento, es una conquista que aun está en pañales, pero ya lo tenemos, hemos dado ese paso de avance, lo que resta ahora es hacer efectivos todos los principios y mecanismos del debido proceso de ley, cuestión esta que no es tan sencilla como el cambio de normativa, es necesario un cambio en la educación de la población con relación a sus obligaciones y a sus derechos pero sobre todo, al respeto de la ley. Al tiempo que las autoridades deben tener como norte defender y mantener en todo momento el respeto y mantenimiento del debido proceso de ley.

asmr my
2021-12-06 at 10:19 am
Wow! This blog looks exactly like my old one! It’s on a entirely different subject but it has pretty
much the same page layout and design. Wonderful choice
of colors!
asmr was
2021-11-25 at 7:25 am
Thanks on your marvelous posting! I quite enjoyed
reading it, you can be a great author.I will be sure to
bookmark your blog and will often come back very soon.
I want to encourage yourself to continue your great posts,
have a nice evening!
asmr of
2021-11-12 at 11:39 am
Hello, I enjoy reading through your article post. I wanted to write a little comment to support you.
your ps4 games
2021-10-26 at 8:56 am
I am extremely impressed with your writing skills and also with the layout on your
blog. Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself?
Either way keep up the excellent quality writing, it’s
rare to see a great blog like this one these days.
ps4 games a
2021-10-25 at 1:28 am
Hi, just wanted to mention, I enjoyed this post.
It was inspiring. Keep on posting!
when scoliosis surgery
2021-09-05 at 6:11 pm
I could not resist commenting. Perfectly written!
asmr in
2021-09-04 at 11:18 pm
Very nice post. I certainly love this website.
Keep writing!
asmr that
2021-09-04 at 3:41 am
My coder is trying to convince me to move to .net from PHP.
I have always disliked the idea because of the costs.
But he’s tryiong none the less. I’ve been using Movable-type on several websites for about a year and am
worried about switching to another platform.
I have heard fantastic things about blogengine.net. Is there
a way I can import all my wordpress content into it? Any help
would be greatly appreciated!
there asmr
2021-09-03 at 5:53 am
Good day! Would you mind if I share your blog with my
zynga group? There’s a lot of people that I think would really appreciate your content.
Please let me know. Cheers
an asmr
2021-09-01 at 3:40 pm
I every time spent my half an hour to read this web site’s posts everyday along
with a mug of coffee.
scoliosis surgery was
2021-09-01 at 6:23 am
Saved as a favorite, I like your site!
bitly.com
2021-08-31 at 10:05 am
It’s a pity you don’t have a donate button! I’d definitely donate
to this superb blog! I suppose for now i’ll settle
for bookmarking and adding your RSS feed to my Google account.
I look forward to brand new updates and will share this blog with my Facebook group.
Talk soon!
http://j.mp/
2021-08-30 at 5:28 am
Howdy just wanted to give you a quick heads up.
The text in your post seem to be running off the screen in Safari.
I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do
with internet browser compatibility but I figured
I’d post to let you know. The style and design look great though!
Hope you get the problem solved soon. Thanks
web hosting what
2021-08-28 at 1:23 pm
Valuable info. Fortunate me I discovered your web site accidentally, and I’m surprised why this coincidence didn’t took place in advance!
I bookmarked it.
ps4 games this
2021-08-25 at 11:41 pm
This post is invaluable. How can I find out more?
ps4 games for
2021-08-25 at 9:08 am
I delight in, cause I discovered just what I was having a look for.
You have ended my 4 day long hunt! God Bless you man. Have a great day.
Bye
there ps4 games
2021-08-24 at 3:24 am
Touche. Solid arguments. Keep up the amazing
spirit.
ps4 games our
2021-08-23 at 5:01 am
Great post. I was checking continuously this blog and I’m impressed!
Extremely helpful info specially the last part 🙂 I care for such info
much. I was seeking this certain info for a very long time.
Thank you and good luck.
with ps4 games
2021-08-22 at 8:38 am
Thanks for finally writing about > El debido proceso durante los estados de excepción < Loved it!
bitly.com
2021-08-16 at 2:33 am
Right here is the perfect web site for anyone who really wants to understand this topic.
You know a whole lot its almost hard to argue with you (not that I really would want to…HaHa).
You certainly put a brand new spin on a subject that has
been written about for decades. Wonderful stuff,
just excellent!
http://tinyurl.com
2021-08-12 at 9:08 pm
Everyone loves what you guys are usually up too. This type of clever work and
reporting! Keep up the fantastic works guys I’ve incorporated
you guys to my personal blogroll.
tinyurl.com
2021-08-12 at 1:01 am
This website was… how do I say it? Relevant!! Finally I’ve found something that helped me.
Many thanks!
http://tinyurl.com
2021-08-11 at 4:14 am
I’ve read some excellent stuff here. Definitely price bookmarking for revisiting.
I surprise how a lot effort you put to create the sort of excellent informative website.
bit.ly
2021-08-10 at 7:39 pm
Hi there, I discovered your website by means of Google even as searching for
a similar topic, your web site got here up, it appears great.
I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.
Hello there, simply changed into aware of your weblog via Google, and located that it is truly informative.
I am gonna watch out for brussels. I’ll appreciate when you continue this in future.
A lot of other folks will likely be benefited out of your writing.
Cheers!
tinyurl.com
2021-08-10 at 8:43 am
Hey there just wanted to give you a quick heads up and let
you know a few of the images aren’t loading correctly. I’m not sure why but I think its a linking issue.
I’ve tried it in two different internet browsers and both show the same outcome.
http://tinyurl.com/y42ucjbe
2021-06-01 at 10:01 pm
Oh my goodness! Impressive article dude! Many thanks,
However I am having troubles with your RSS. I don’t
know why I am unable to join it. Is there anyone
else getting similar RSS issues? Anybody who knows the answer can you kindly respond?
Thanks!!
http://tinyurl.com/
2021-06-01 at 1:40 pm
I’m really enjoying the theme/design of your web site. Do you
ever run into any browser compatibility problems?
A small number of my blog readers have complained about my site not operating
correctly in Explorer but looks great in Opera. Do you have any
tips to help fix this problem?
dating sites my
2021-06-01 at 5:11 am
Hi! I just wanted to ask if you ever have
any issues with hackers? My last blog (wordpress)
was hacked and I ended up losing months of hard work due to no
backup. Do you have any methods to prevent hackers?
scoliosis surgery that
2021-05-31 at 6:35 am
Definitely believe that which you said. Your favorite reason appeared to be on the web the
easiest thing to be aware of. I say to you, I certainly get annoyed while people think about
worries that they plainly do not know about. You
managed to hit the nail upon the top as well as defined out the whole thing without having side
effect , people can take a signal. Will probably be back to get
more. Thanks
in surgery scoliosis
2021-05-30 at 5:32 pm
Hello, I think your blog might be having browser compatibility
issues. When I look at your blog in Firefox, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer,
it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up!
Other then that, wonderful blog!
free dating sites or
2021-05-29 at 8:50 am
Hi there, You’ve done an excellent job. I’ll certainly digg it and personally suggest to my
friends. I am sure they’ll be benefited from this web site.
free dating sites are
2021-05-25 at 11:07 pm
What’s up to every one, since I am in fact keen of reading this
webpage’s post to be updated on a regular basis.
It includes nice information.
asmr was
2021-05-21 at 8:28 am
Hi there to every one, as I am in fact eager of reading this website’s post to be updated regularly.
It carries fastidious data.
https://6869milesoflove.tumblr.com/
2021-05-20 at 5:53 am
dating sites
Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering
if you knew of any widgets I could add to my blog
that automatically tweet my newest twitter updates. I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some time and was hoping
maybe you would have some experience with something like this.
Please let me know if you run into anything. I truly enjoy reading your blog and I look forward to your new updates.
free dating sites
http://www.crokes.com/scoliosis/profile
2021-05-16 at 11:16 pm
scoliosis
Just want to say your article is as amazing.
The clearness in your post is simply spectacular and i can assume you are an expert on this subject.
Fine with your permission allow me to grab your RSS feed to keep updated with
forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please continue the gratifying work.
scoliosis
http://bitly.com/2RWqWFH
2021-05-15 at 9:07 am
scoliosis
What’s up to all, because I am really keen of reading this
web site’s post to be updated on a regular basis.
It contains pleasant information. scoliosis
asmr their
2021-05-09 at 2:05 am
Spot on with this write-up, I honestly believe this amazing site
needs a lot more attention. I’ll probably be back again to read
more, thanks for the information!
asmr in
2021-05-08 at 5:53 am
Hello there! This article couldn’t be written any better!
Reading through this post reminds me of my previous roommate!
He continually kept talking about this. I will forward this
information to him. Fairly certain he will have a good read.
Thank you for sharing!
http://bitly.com/3f4MpEl
2021-05-07 at 5:21 am
It’s truly very complicated in this full of activity life to listen news on Television, so I just use internet for that reason, and get the newest information.
asmr in
2021-05-04 at 6:51 am
Woah! I’m really loving the template/theme of this website.
It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times
it’s very hard to get that «perfect balance» between user friendliness and visual appeal.
I must say you have done a great job with this. Additionally, the blog loads extremely quick for me on Opera.
Outstanding Blog!
gamefly on
2021-05-03 at 6:13 pm
Its like you read my mind! You seem to know so much about this, like
you wrote the book in it or something. I think that you could
do with a few pics to drive the message home a bit, but other than that,
this is excellent blog. A fantastic read. I will certainly be back.
asmr this
2021-04-29 at 8:10 am
Greate article. Keep posting such kind of information on your page.
Im really impressed by your blog.
Hello there, You have done a fantastic job. I’ll certainly digg it
and personally recommend to my friends. I’m sure they will be benefited from this web site.
my asmr
2021-04-29 at 12:20 am
I am actually pleased to read this web site posts which carries lots of useful data, thanks
for providing these statistics.
asmr it
2021-04-28 at 8:55 pm
Hi! I’ve been following your blog for a while now and
finally got the bravery to go ahead and give you a shout out from
Huffman Texas! Just wanted to mention keep up the excellent work!
gamefly off
2021-04-27 at 9:11 pm
Hey, I think your blog might be having browser compatibility issues.
When I look at your website in Firefox, it looks fine
but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping.
I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, great blog!
tinyurl.com
2021-04-16 at 1:28 am
This is very interesting, You are a very skilled blogger.
I’ve joined your rss feed and look forward to seeking more
of your great post. Also, I’ve shared your website in my social networks!
asmr 0mniartist
tinyurl.com
2021-04-14 at 5:03 pm
My partner and I stumbled over here from a different web address
and thought I may as well check things out. I like what I see so now i am following
you. Look forward to looking at your web page for a second time.
0mniartist asmr
0mniartist
2021-04-12 at 2:38 am
Do you mind if I quote a couple of your posts as long as I provide credit and sources
back to your website? My blog site is in the very same niche
as yours and my users would truly benefit from a lot of
the information you provide here. Please let
me know if this okay with you. Many thanks! 0mniartist asmr
asmr https://0mniartist.tumblr.com
2021-04-10 at 10:33 pm
I’m amazed, I have to admit. Seldom do I come across a blog that’s both educative and engaging, and let me
tell you, you have hit the nail on the head.
The issue is something that not enough people are speaking
intelligently about. Now i’m very happy I came across this during my search for something relating to this.
asmr 0mniartist
asmr https://0mniartist.tumblr.com
2021-04-10 at 8:16 am
Hello there, You have done an excellent job. I will certainly
digg it and personally suggest to my friends. I am confident they’ll be benefited from this web site.
0mniartist asmr
SMS
2020-06-14 at 1:45 pm
Thanks so much for the blog post.
เบอร์มงคล
2020-06-07 at 6:49 pm
I like this website very much, Its a very nice office to read and incur information.
แผ่นกรองหน้ากากอนามัย
2020-06-02 at 5:44 am
Thank you ever so for you article post.
ทิชชู่เปียกแอลกอฮอล์
2020-06-02 at 5:43 am
I like the valuable information you provide in your articles.
ปั้มไลค์
2020-06-02 at 5:42 am
Like!! Really appreciate you sharing this blog post.Really thank you! Keep writing.